Ecosystem represents the basic functional unit of ecology .
Ecosystem comprises of both biotic and abiotic factors.
Together biotic and abiotic factors work as a single unit .
Biotic and abiotic factors are interconnected , interdependent and interrelated to each other .
Biotic and abiotic factors influences the properties of one another .
Biotic and abiotic factors are link together via energy flow and biogeochemical cycles.
Biotic factors include living organisms like plants and animals.
2 types of organisms are present in an ecosystem one is autotrophs and another one is heterotrophs. Autotrophs are the one who can prepare its own food .
Autotrophs includes plants
,algae
etc. . Autotrophs through the process photosynthesis synthesize organic matter. Only produces are capable of trapping solar energy.
Sun is the main and ultimate source of energy.
Solar energy in the form of solar radiation enters into the earth. .
They trap the solar energy and convert it into potential energy. Plants using some inorganic substances , carbon dioxide , water synthesize food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Plants produce organic matter and oxygen as byproduct .solar energy enters into living system through plants. Once the energy enters ,it passes on to the succession trophic levels .
Heterotrophs can not prepare food. Heterotrophs include consumers . Heterotrophs feed on plants and animals to gain the energy
Only plants are capable of trapping solar energy. 
After trapping the solar energy ,it get converted into the potential energy or organic matter through the process photosynthesis.
Plants depend on environmental factors like water , carbon dioxide , sunlight for photosynthesis.
Plants need both organic and inorganic substances for the synthesis of food .
Animals depend on plants either directly or indirectly for energy .
No one is independent in this nature .
Photosynthesis is responsible for the entry of elements in the living system .
Decomposers by performing decomposition helps in the recovery of all the essential elements that get locked in the tissue of flora and fauna.
Examples of producers
1 phytoplankton
2 Grass
3 Trees
4 Herbs
5 Shurbs
6 Rooted submerged plants
7 floating plants
8 Submerged plants
Chara
Utricularia ( bladderwort )
Heterotrophs includes consumers.
There are 3 types of consumers .
Primary consumers
are the organisms which feeds upon producers .They are called as primary consumers as they are first one who eat producers . Primary consumer are also termed as herbivores .examples are :- Rabbit 
, rat
, elephant
, grasshopper
, deer
, sheep 
, insects .
Secondary consumers
are the organisms which feeds upon primary consumers .They are called as secondary consumers as they are one who eat primary consumer. Secondary consumers are also termed as carnivores .examples bear
, frog
, snake 
, fish , bird , fox .
Tertiary consumers
are the organisms which feeds upon secondary consumers .They are called as tertiary consumers as they are one who eat secondary consumers. Tertiary consumers are also termed as omnivores.examples eagle 
, peacock
, owl
.
, peacock
Decomposers
It include microbes like bacteria and fungi . Decomposers degrade complex organic matter into simple one .These simple forms are again utilized by the plants from soil and atmosphere to perform photosynthesis.
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